College footballThe NCAA rulebook defines eligible receivers for college football in Rule 7, Section 3, Article 3. The determining factors are the player's position on the field at the snap and their jersey number. Specifically, any players on offense wearing numbers between 50 and 79 are always ineligible. All defensive players are eligible receivers and offensive players who are not wearing an ineligible number are eligible receivers if they meet one of the following three criteria:Player is at either end of the group of players on the line of scrimmage (usually the split end and tight end)Player is lined up at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage (running backs, fullbacks, etc.)Player is positioned to receive a hand-to-hand snap from the center (almost always the quarterback)Players may only wear eligible numbers at an ineligible position when it is obvious that a punt or field goal is to be attempted.A receiver loses his eligibility by leaving the field of play unless he was forced out by a defensive player and immediately attempts to get back inbounds (Rule 7-3-4). All players on the field become eligible as soon as the ball is touched by a defensive player or an official during play (Rule 7-3-5). Professional footballIn both American and Canadian professional football, every player on the defensive team is considered eligible. The offensive team must have at least seven players lined up on the line of scrimmage. Of the players on the line of scrimmage, only the two players on the ends of the line of scrimmage are eligible receivers. The four remaining players in the backfield (five in Canadian football), including the quarterback, are also eligible receiversxcept in the National Football League, where a quarterback who takes the snap directly from the center is never eligible. However, a quarterback who receives a longer snap from the center, such as in a shotgun formation, is eligible even in the NFL.If, for example, eight men l ine up on the line of scrimmage, the team loses an eligible receiver. This can often happen when a flanker or slot receiver, who is supposed to line up behind the line of scrimmage, instead lines up on the line of scrimmage between the offensive line and a split end. In most cases where a pass is caught by an ineligible receiver, it is usually because the quarterback was under pressure and threw it to an offensive lineman out of desperation.In many leagues eligible receivers must wear certain uniform numbers, so that the officials can more easily distinguish between eligible and ineligible receivers. In the NFL running backs must wear numbers 20 to 49, tight ends must wear numbers 80 to 89 (or 40 to 49 if the numbers 80 to 89 have been exhausted), and wide receivers must wear numbers 10 to 19 or 80 to 89. In the CFL ineligible receivers must wear numbers 50 to 69; all other numbers (including 0 and 00) may be worn by eligible receivers. A player who is not wearing a number t hat corresponds to an eligible receiver is ineligible even if he lines up in an eligible position. However, a player who reports to the referee that he intends to be eligible in the following play is allowed to line up and act as an eligible receiver. An example of this was a 1985 NFL game in which William Perry, wearing number 72 and normally a defensive lineman, was made an eligible receiver on an offensive play, and successfully caught a touchdown pass attempt. A more recent example, and more commonly used, has been former New England Patriots linebacker Mike Vrabel lining up as a tight end in goal line situations.Before the snap of the ball, in the American game, eligible receivers may only move parallel to the line of scrimmage, only one eligible receiver may be in motion at any given time, and if forward motion has occurred, the receiver must be still for a full second before the snap. The receiver may be in motion laterally or away from the line of scrimmage at the sn ap. A breach of this rule results in a penalty for illegal procedure (five yards). However, in the Canadian game, eligible receivers may move in any direction before the snap, any number may be in motion at any one time, and there is no need to be motionless before the snap.The rules on eligible receivers only apply to forward passes, even those behind the line of scrimmage. However, any player may legally catch a backwards or lateral pass.In the American game, once the play has started, players can become ineligible and eligible depending on how the play develops. Any eligible receiver that goes out of bounds is no longer an eligible receiver and cannot receive a forward pass. Also, if a pass is touched by any eligible receiver (tipped by a defensive lineman, slips through a receiver's hands, etc.), every player on the field immediately becomes eligible. In the CFL all players become eligible receivers if a pass is touched by a member of the defensive team. High schoolIn hi gh school football, the rules of eligibility are roughly the same as in the college game. However, as of February 2009, at least four players must wear numbers between 50 and 79 on first, second, or third down, which by rule would make them ineligible receivers. This was because of a change in the definition of a scrimmage-kick formation made by the NFHS. The change was intended to close a loophole in the rules which allowed teams to run an A-11 offense, in which a team could legally be exempted from eligibility numbering restrictions if the player receiving the snap was at least seven yards behind the line of scrimmage. See alsoA-11 offenseGlossary of American football References^ "2006 NCAA Football Rules and Interpretations" (PDF). NCAA. July 2006. /library/rules/2006/2006_football_rules.pdf. Retrieved 2007-01-26.^ "National Federation of State High School Associations press release". February 2009. /web/2009/02/horsecollar_tackle_to_be_penali.aspx.^ Weinreb, Michael (Aug ust 28, 2008). "The A-11 offense: Ridiculous, or genius?". ESPN.com Page 2. The Walt Disney Company. /espn/page2/story?page=weinreb/080811&lpos=spotlight&lid=tab4pos1.vdeGridiron football conceptsCodesAmerican Canadian (US-Canadian comparison) Arena Indoor 9-man 8-man 6-man Flag Touch Street/BackyardLevels of playHigh school College Sprint Women's ProfessionalFieldEnd zone Goal line Line of scrimmage Neutral zone Field goal range Out of bounds SidelinesEquipmentFootball (ball) Helmet Winged helmet Shoulder pads Uniform number Penalty flagPositionsOffense: Linemen Quarterback Running back Halfback Fullback H-back Wide receiver Tight end Slotback Guard Offensive tackle Center Eligible receiverDefense: Linemen Linebacker Defensive tackle Defensive end Nose tackle Defensive back Cornerback Safety Nickelback DimebackSpecial Teams: Placekicker Punter Kickoff specialist Long snapper Holder Punt returner Kickoff returner GunnerOther: Utility player Triple threat manPlay typesOffense : Rush Pass Incomplete pass Lateral Bootleg play Draw play End-around Flea flicker Flexbone formation Fourth down conversion Hail Mary pass Halfback option play Hook and lateral Kneel Motion Hurry-up offense Option run Option offense Play action pass Quarterback keeper Quarterback sneak Quick kick Reverse Scramble Screen pass Spike Statue of Liberty Sweep Trick playDefense: Tackle Blitz Rush Sack Shooting the gap Stunt Zone blitzSpecial Teams: Kickoff Kickoff return Punt Punt return Drop kick Fair catch Fair catch kick Icing the kicker Onside kick Squib kick TryScoringTouchdown Extra point Two-point conversion Field goal Safety Single (rouge)PenaltiesBlocking below the waist Block in the back Chop block Clipping Delay of game Encroachment Equipment violations Face mask False start Horse-collar tackle Illegal contact Illegal formation Illegal forward kick Illegal forward pass Illegal hands to the face Illegal motion Illegal participation Illegal shift Illegal substitution Ill egal touching Illegal touching of a free kick Illegal use of hands Ineligible receiver downfield Intentional grounding Holding Leaping Neutral Zone Infraction Offside Palpably unfair act Pass interference Personal Foul Roughing the kicker Roughing the passer Roughing the snapper Sideline infraction Spearing Tripping Unsportsmanlike conductTurnoversFumble Interception Muffed punt Turnover on downsDownsFirst down Three-and-out Fourth down conversionPlay clockTimeout Two-minute warning Running out the clockStatisticsPasser rating Reception Return yards Total offense Yards from scrimmageCelebrationsTouchdown celebration Gatorade showerMiscellaneousSnap Dead ball Touchback Instant replay Coffin corner Glossary of American football Glossary of Canadian football Rules Rules in American football Categories: American football terminology | Canadian football terminologyHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from November 2007 | All articles needing additional refere nces
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